This course expands on the curriculum of standard first aid, including modules on environmental medicine, snake bites, traumatic brain injury and spine injury.

Faculty: First Aid
Course Name: Outdoor Recreation First Aid
Course Code:  FA-OR
Duration: 24 Hours
Mode: Face-to-face
Level: Layresponder

Prerequisites: Participants must be at least 16 years of age.
Minors must have parental consent.

Packaging: This course is delivered over three (3) days.

Instructional Strategies: This course combines lecture-based instruction with practical application. Instructional strategies include lectures, discussions, demonstrations, practical application, simulation, and presentations.

Effort Breakdown: 11 lecture hours, 11 practical hours, 2 assessment hours

Certification: Upon successful completion of the course, participants receive an internationally recognised certification from Austere & Emergency Medicine International in Outdoor Recration First Aid (FA-OR), valid for three years. Re-certification can be achieved by attending a refresher course.

MANDATORY UNITS:

1. Introduction to First Aid
   • The Chain of Survival
   • Common cause of Death
2. Basic Anatomy & Physiology
   • Introduction to the Cardiovascular System
   • Introduction to the Respiratory System
   • Introduction to the Musculoskeletal System
   • Coronary Heart Diseases and Risk Factors
3. Safe Approach to Emergency Situations
4. The Scene Assessment
5. The Primary Assessment
6. Bleeding Control
7. The potentially spine injured patient
8. How and when to call for help
9. Safe & Effective CPR
10. Safe use of AEDs
11. Choking Management
12. Heart Attack Management
13. Stroke Management
14. Anaphylaxis Management
15. The Secondary Assessment
16. Identification and Management of Shock
17. Differentiation between head injury, brain injury, and increased intracranial pressure
18. Management of Musculoskeletal Injury
19. Management of Wounds & Burns
20. Exposure Illness
21. Lightning
22. Drowning
23. Intake Mediated Concerns
24. Bites & Stings
25. Envenomation & Intoxification
26. Emergency Response Planning
27. Incident Management
28. Emergency Evacuation

On successful completion of the course, participants should be able to:

1. Introduction to First Aid
   • Understand the importance of first aid in emergency situations.
   • Identify the legal and ethical considerations of providing first aid.
2. The Chain of Survival
   • Understand the four key steps in the chain of survival.
   • Recognize the importance of early access, early CPR, early defibrillation, and early advanced care in improving survival rates.
3. Common Cause of Death
   • Identify common causes of death in emergency situations.
   • Understand how prompt first aid intervention can prevent fatalities.
4. Basic Anatomy & Physiology
   • Understand basic human anatomy and physiology relevant to first aid.
   • Identify key body systems and their functions.
5. Introduction to the Cardiovascular System
   • Understand the structure and function of the cardiovascular system.
   • Identify common cardiovascular emergencies and their symptoms.
6. Introduction to the Respiratory System
   • Understand the structure and function of the respiratory system.
   • Identify common respiratory emergencies and their symptoms.
7. Introduction to the Musculoskeletal System
   • Understand the structure and function of the musculoskeletal system.
   • Identify common musculoskeletal injuries and their management.
8. Coronary Heart Diseases and Risk Factors
   • Identify risk factors for coronary heart diseases.
   • Understand the importance of lifestyle modifications in preventing heart diseases.
9. Safe Approach to Emergency Situations
   • Learn the steps to approach an emergency scene safely.
   • Identify potential hazards in the environment.
10. The Scene Assessment
    • Learn how to conduct a systematic assessment of an emergency scene.
    • Identify priorities in the assessment process.
11. The Primary Assessment
    • Learn how to conduct a primary assessment of a patient.
    • Identify life-threatening conditions that require immediate intervention.
12. Bleeding Control
    • Learn how to control different types of bleeding.
    • Identify when to apply direct pressure, elevation, and pressure points.
13. The Potentially Spine Injured Patient
    • Understand the importance of spinal immobilization.
    • Learn how to assess and manage a patient with a potential spine injury.
14. How and When to Call for Help
    • Learn when and how to call for emergency medical services.
    • Understand the information needed to provide to the dispatcher.
15. Safe & Effective CPR
    • Learn the steps of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
    • Practice performing CPR on adult, child, and infant manikins.
16. Safe Use of AEDs
    • Understand the importance of early defibrillation in cardiac arrest.
    • Learn how to safely use an automated external defibrillator (AED).
17. Choking Management
    • Learn how to recognize and manage a choking victim.
    • Practice abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) on manikins.
18. Heart Attack Management
    • Understand the signs and symptoms of a heart attack.
    • Learn how to assist a person experiencing a heart attack.
19. Stroke Management
    • Understand the signs and symptoms of a stroke.
    • Learn how to assess and assist a person suspected of having a stroke.
20. Anaphylaxis Management
    • Understand the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis.
    • Learn how to administer epinephrine using an auto-injector.
21. The Secondary Assessment
    • Learn how to conduct a secondary assessment of a patient.
    • Identify non-life-threatening conditions that require further evaluation.
22. Identification and Management of Shock
    • Understand the different types of shock.
    • Learn how to recognize and manage shock in a patient.
23. Differentiation between Head Injury, Brain Injury, and Increased Intracranial Pressure
    • Understand the differences between head injury, brain injury, and increased intracranial pressure.
    • Learn how to assess and manage these conditions.
24. Management of Musculoskeletal Injury
    • Learn how to assess and manage common musculoskeletal injuries.
    • Practice splinting techniques for fractures and sprains.
25. Management of Wounds & Burns
    • Learn how to assess and manage different types of wounds and burns.
    • Practice wound cleaning, dressing, and burn care techniques.
26. Supplemental Oxygen Administration
    • Understand the indications for supplemental oxygen therapy.
    • Learn how to safely administer supplemental oxygen using various delivery devices.
27. Exposure Illness
    • Recognize the signs and symptoms of hypothermia and hyperthermia.
    • Demonstrate appropriate first aid management for individuals experiencing exposure-related illnesses.
    • Identify strategies to prevent exposure-related illnesses in outdoor settings.
28. Lightning
    • Understand the risks associated with lightning strikes during outdoor activities.
    • Describe the signs and symptoms of a lightning strike injury.
    • Demonstrate appropriate first aid responses for lightning strike victims.
29. Drowning
    • Identify the signs of drowning and near-drowning incidents.
    • Demonstrate proper techniques for rescuing a drowning victim.
    • Explain the steps for providing first aid to a drowning victim.
30. Intake Mediated Concerns
    • Recognize the signs and symptoms of dehydration, exercise-associated hyponatremia, hypoglycaemia, and hyperglycaemia.
    • Understand the causes and risk factors associated with each condition.
    • Demonstrate proper first aid responses for individuals experiencing dehydration, exercise-associated hyponatremia, hypoglycaemia, or hyperglycaemia in outdoor settings.
    • Identify preventive measures to reduce the risk of these conditions during outdoor activities.
31. Bites & Stings
    • Identify common types of bites and stings that can occur in outdoor environments.
    • Describe the signs and symptoms of allergic reactions to bites and stings.
    • Demonstrate proper first aid treatment for individuals bitten or stung by insects or animals.
32. Envenomation & Intoxication
    • Understand the effects of venomous bites and stings on the body.
    • Describe the signs and symptoms of envenomation.
    • Demonstrate appropriate first aid responses for individuals experiencing envenomation or intoxication.
33. Emergency Response Planning
    • Learn how to develop an effective emergency response plan.
    • Understand the importance of training and drills in preparing for emergencies.
34. Incident Management
    • Learn how to effectively manage emergencies and critical incidents.
    • Understand the roles and responsibilities of key personnel in incident management.
35. Emergency Evacuation
    • Learn how to conduct an emergency evacuation procedure.
    • Understand the importance of communication and coordination during evacuations.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

1. 1. Attendance Requirement: 100% attendance is mandatory to pass the course. Reasonable adjustments will be made where practicable.

   2. Written Exam: The written exam consists of 40 multiple-choice questions. A pass mark of 80% is required to successfully complete the written component.

   3. Practical Assessments: Formative and summative practical assessments are conducted throughout the course. Summative assessments include patient care scenarios and skills evaluation.

   4. Exam and Class Outcome: It is possible to pass the written exam and fail the class if practical competency is not achieved. Conversely, it is possible to fail the written exam and pass the class if exceptional practical performance is demonstrated, and adequate knowledge of the curriculum can be demonstrated through other assessment activities.

   5. Re-exam Opportunity: If a participant fails the written exam, a verbal re-exam will be provided to offer an opportunity to showcase their knowledge.

   6. Special Accommodations: Participants with language difficulties or divergent learning needs can request a verbal or alternative style of exam. Reasonable accommodations will be made to facilitate a fair assessment process.

Note: The assessment criteria aim to ensure a comprehensive evaluation of both theoretical and practical competencies, promoting a well-rounded and capable First Aider.